Like pearls scattered in the East Sea, the Penghu archipelago lies in the southwest of the Taiwan Strait. The islands between Chiayi County and Kimen County, face Taiwan in the east, and Fujian Province in the west, linking Matsu archipelago, Tachen island and Choushan archipelago in the north, as well as Tungsha islands and Nansha islands in the south.

The interlocking influences of the environment, the Han culture and the historical factors have combined to form unique human characteristics in the Penghus. Immigrants from the coast of Fujian Province established here a lifestyle to accommodate themselves and cope with nature, and the traditional Chinese agricultural culture had to be adapted to the barren land, strong winds, and lack of rainfall on these islands,with most of the inhabitants making a living by fishing, Europeans called Penghu "Islands of the Fishermen."

Penghu's inhabitants live a very simple life, adapting to their natural circumstances. The land area, largely under tight security measures because the military recognizes the archipelago’s strategic geographicallocation, has never been developed on a large scale. Its long-time cultural assets, and a unique lifestyle in harmony with nature and without full-scale development, have basically shown how mankind copes with nature.